Iranians and Hebrews met each other for the first time in Chaldea artery by around 700 BC where they together with mutual transactions and interconnections began one of the most prolonged human communities. The Jews gradually scattered throughout Iran especially after Cyrus. Some scholars trace back the residence of the Jews in Kashan to that era. Taking into account the long history of the Jewish people an inseparable part of Kāshān’s history, they believe that a true understanding of it in the sense of culture and sociology can shed some light on the history of the region and the Jews. The present article examines the status of the Jews of Kāshān in Pahlavi period their political activities, the role of the establishment of the state of Isrāel in the transformations that took place in this period, and their economic situationin the second Pahlavi period. It goes on by introducing the famous figures of the Jews of Kāshān in this period and as a final point, investigates the causes of their population decline which led to the demise of this community in Kāshān. The results show that in Kāshān during Pahlavi period, as before, Muslims generally had not anti-Semitic views, and in return the Jews -in particular their outstanding personages of culture, politics and economy such as Lord David Alliānce, Hakham yedidia shofet, and Dr. Loghman Nehorai- showed conservative and rather peaceful attitude toward them. It is shown as well that of Dr. Sulaymān Berjis was murdered owing to proselytizing Bahāiyat and not because of his judaism.
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